“Al-ISRA” is a Biannual Peer-reviewed Research Journal, which strictly follows the Ethical Guidelines for Research by Higher Education Commission, Pakistan, and COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics). It aims to publish Novel Research with special academic inquiry in the global context of Islamic & Religious Studies and to promote interaction among academics from multiple traditions of learning and exchange and discussion of research findings. “Al-ISRA” will provide a vehicle to help academics, researchers, and policymakers to educate influence, and share information to learn from each other’s work as well as to provide a research forum to explore new solutions to new rising problems.
Interactive Social Research Academy, Mansehra
The Growing Trend of Debt and Islamic Teachings: An Analysis of Economic and Social Impacts
Debt is an important issue in human economic life, the need for which may arise due to unavoidable circumstances, emergency requirements, and business activities. However, in the contemporary era, the extraordinary increase in the trend of borrowing has become a serious economic and social problem. In the modern economic system, easy access to loans, credit cards, installment-based purchases, consumer financing facilities, and the provision of loans by various financial institutions have apparently increased the opportunities to meet human needs. On the other hand, unnecessary expenditures, ostentation, luxurious lifestyles, and living beyond one’s means have caused individuals and families to remain under a continuous burden of debt. If a loan is taken according to genuine need, for a lawful purpose, and while considering the borrower’s actual ability to repay, it can serve as a means of meeting an economic necessity. However, when borrowing becomes a habit or a means of fulfilling luxuries and unnecessary desires, its effects extend beyond an individual’s financial independence and begin to affect the entire family and society. Islam has addressed the issue of debt with great seriousness, and the Qur’an and Sunnah provide clear teachings regarding the repayment of debts, financial responsibility, mutual cooperation, honesty, and good treatment of those in need. The Qur’an directs that debt transactions should be documented properly, thereby establishing the foundations of transparency and responsibility in financial dealings. Similarly, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ emphasized the importance of repaying debts, protecting the rights of debtors, and treating creditors with fairness and kindness. The Islamic economic system discourages extravagance, wastefulness, greed, and financial irresponsibility, while promoting moderation, contentment, frugality, and mutual cooperation. In the contemporary era, the increasing burden of debt has resulted in mental stress, family disputes, economic instability, social inequality, and, in some cases, ethical and legal problems. Therefore, it is essential to examine the growing trend of debt not merely from an economic perspective but also from Islamic, ethical, social, and human perspectives. The present study analyzes the major causes behind the increasing trend of indebtedness, its effects on individuals, families, and society, and the ways in which Islamic teachings offer an effective solution to this problem through responsible financial behavior, caution in borrowing, and the promotion of economic balance.
The Qur'anic Principle of Divine Precedence: A Linguistic and Exegetical Analysis of Verse 01 of Surah Al-Hujurat
This research paper presents a profound thematic study of the foundational verse of Surah Al-Hujurat: "O you who have believed, do not put yourselves ahead of Allah and His Messenger." Termed by exegetes as the "Surah of Ethics" (Surat al-Adab), it establishes the constitutional hierarchy of Shariah and the spiritual etiquette (Adab) required of a believer toward divine authority. Through a rigorous analysis of classical and modern Tafsir literature spanning from the foundational narrations of Imam Tabari and the theological insights of Imam Maturidi to the modern sociological perspectives of Ibn Ashur and Wahbah al-Zuhayli this study explores the linguistic technicalities, Historical triggers (Asbab al-Nuzul), and Juridical Ramifications of the verse. The research investigates the linguistic debate regarding the transitivity of the verb "لَا تُقَدِّمُوا " and its metaphorical beauty. The findings elucidate that the verse serves as a psychological and legal barrier against spiritual arrogance and "Iftiyat" (unauthorized action), transforming the Bedouin social structure into a disciplined spiritual community. Ultimately, it asserts that in the presence of an explicit Divine Text (Nass), independent human judgment (Ijtihad) must remain subordinate to the Prophetic Decree, ensuring that the institutional hierarchy of the Muslim Ummah remains anchored in revelation
Thematic Approach to Understanding the Qur’an: A Critical Study
Tafsir al-Mawḍūʿī methodology in the exegesis of the al-Qurʾān al-Karīm has been formally recognized as an independent scholarly approach since the mid-twentieth century, when comprehensive works began to be produced in this field. However, its foundational concepts can be traced back to the earliest periods of Qur’anic revelation. During the Prophetic era, the historical context of revelation reflects a form of thematic interpretation, wherein verses were revealed in response to specific circumstances, events, and questions, and were explained by the Prophet himself. This process clarified the Qur’anic perspective on various aspects of human life, including beliefs, worship, and social dealings. Moreover, the practice of collecting verses from different parts of the Qur’an on a single theme for better understanding has existed since the time of the Prophet and his Companions. The adoption of a thematic approach for understanding the Divine text is also evident in the sayings of the Prophet, the interpretations of the Companions, and the exegetical traditions of the early righteous scholars.
Modern Environmental Challenges and Islamic Perspectives: An Analytical Study
This article explores the critical issue of global warming and climate change through the lens of Islamic theology and modern environmental science. Global warming, defined as the gradual increase in the Earth's average temperature due to human activities, has led to severe ecological imbalances, including rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and extreme weather patterns. The study highlights that these environmental crises are not merely technical or scientific problems but are deeply rooted in human behavior, greed, and the mismanagement of natural resources.From an Islamic perspective, the Earth is an "Amanah" (trust) from Allah, and human beings are appointed as "Khalifah" (stewards) responsible for its protection. The Quranic concept of "Mizan" (balance) emphasizes that the universe was created in a perfect state of equilibrium, which humanity has disrupted through "Israf" (waste) and "Fasad fil-Ardh" (corruption on earth). The article underscores that current environmental degradation is a direct consequence of "what human hands have earned," as stated in the Quran.To address these challenges, the research presents Islamic solutions derived from the Quran and Sunnah. These include the religious obligation of afforestation (tree planting), which is categorized as "Sadaqah Jariyah" (ongoing charity), and the imperative of moderation in resource consumption. The Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) teachings on water conservation—even when performing ablution by a flowing river—serve as a timeless model for sustainable living. The article concludes that a return to spiritual and ethical values, combined with scientific efforts, is essential for restoring the natural balance. By adopting a lifestyle of "I’tidal" (moderation) and responsibility, humanity can mitigate the impacts of global warming and ensure a habitable planet for future generations.
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Its Fundamental Concepts in the Light of Islamic Thought
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the modern era, influencing various fields including education, healthcare, economics, governance, and religious studies. This study explores the introduction and fundamental concepts of Artificial Intelligence, highlighting its historical development, core principles, and practical applications. It discusses key components such as machine learning, natural language processing, expert systems, and data-driven decision-making, while examining how AI simulates human intelligence through algorithms and computational models. The article further analyzes the benefits and challenges associated with AI, including ethical concerns, privacy issues, automation risks, and its impact on human employment and intellectual activity. Special attention is given to the relevance of AI in academic and research environments, particularly within the context of Islamic studies, where digital tools and intelligent systems can enhance research methodologies, data analysis, and knowledge dissemination.
An Analytical Study of the Efforts of Modernists and Their Methodologies of Inference in Solving Contemporary issues
This study presents an analytical examination of modernist scholars’ efforts and their methodologies of inference (Manahij al-Istinbat) in addressing contemporary issues. Adopting a qualitative research methodology, the research employs textual and content analysis of primary works by key modernist thinkers, classical Usul al-Fiqh texts, and contemporary academic literature. It explores how modernists reinterpret foundational sources, integrate rational tools, and apply ijtihad to derive contextually relevant rulings. Comparative analysis is used to evaluate modernist approaches against traditional frameworks, with emphasis on flexibility, contextualization, and Maqasid al-Shariah. The findings reveal that modernist methodologies have broadened Islamic jurisprudence’s engagement with modernity, yet they also raise critical questions about methodological consistency and adherence to textual authority.
Uzair Ahmad (corresponding Author) Ahmad
Slaughtering Practices in Contemporary Forms in the Light of Islamic Teachings: A Critical Analytical Study
Islam is a complete and comprehensive religion that provides guidance in all aspects of human life. Its teachings are preserved in the Holy Qur’an and authentic Hadith, which remain a source of guidance for Muslims until the Day of Judgment. One of the important aspects of daily life in Islam is the slaughtering of animals, for which clear Prophetic instructions are available. According to Hadith literature, an animal should not be slaughtered in the presence of other animals, nor should it witness the tools of slaughter. It is also recommended that the animal be made to face the Qiblah and that post-slaughter procedures such as cutting the neck or skinning should only be carried out after the soul has departed. In the contemporary era of technological advancement, new methods of slaughtering have emerged, including mechanized slaughterhouses and automated systems controlled by machines, especially in state-regulated facilities in various countries. These developments have raised important jurisprudential questions regarding the permissibility of stunning animals before slaughter and machine-assisted slaughtering methods. This article critically examines modern slaughtering practices in the light of Islamic teachings, with special reference to the rulings concerning halal and haram, the ethics of slaughter, pre-slaughter stunning, and mechanized slaughter systems.
A Juristic Analysis of Advance Rental (Pagri) and Insurance Policies in the Light of Tafsir Burhan al-Qur’an”
This article explores contemporary Islamic jurisprudential perspectives on economic instruments such as Pagri (advance rent or security deposits), property insurance, insurance policies, and prize bonds. Qari Tayyib Naqshbandi highlights the necessity of examining these financial practices in light of Quranic injunctions against unlawful consumption of others’ wealth, emphasizing that modern commercial practices must be assessed according to Sharia principles of justice, transparency, and mutual consent. The discussion on Pagri demonstrates that while some forms may be impermissible, others—such as advance payments for a defined rental period or security deposits—are permissible when clearly agreed upon and documented. Conditions for the protection of both landlords and tenants are elaborated to prevent disputes and financial or psychological harm. The article further examines property insurance and similar financial instruments, presenting the divergent scholarly views on their permissibility. Critics argue that insurance often involves elements of uncertainty (gharar) and may indirectly support interest-based activities, while proponents contend that insurance functions as a protective mechanism, akin to hiring a security service, providing financial compensation for potential losses without guaranteeing profit. Naqshbandi clarifies that insurance transactions do not fall under riba (usury), as they involve compensatory arrangements rather than loans with fixed or excessive returns. He emphasizes the importance of mutual consent, clear contractual terms, and ethical responsibility in ensuring that these practices align with Sharia objectives. Through balanced analysis, the article highlights the nuanced nature of modern financial instruments and their potential permissibility within Islamic law when structured according to principles of fairness and social welfare. It calls for contemporary scholars to engage actively with evolving economic realities to provide practical guidance that maintains Sharia compliance while addressing the needs of modern society.
Contemporary Strategies and Impacts of Religious Political Parties in Pakistan: A Critical and Analytical Study
This study offers a critical and analytical examination of the contemporary strategies and socio-political impacts of religious political parties in Pakistan within the evolving political landscape of the twenty-first century. Historically, religious parties have played a significant role in shaping Pakistan’s ideological discourse, state policies, and societal norms. However, changing global dynamics, democratic pressures, media transformations, and internal political challenges have compelled these parties to recalibrate their strategies. The paper explores how major religious political actors such as Jamaat-e-Islami, Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F), Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (S), Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan, Markazi Jamiat Ahl-e-Hadith Pakistan, Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan, and Sunni Tehreek Pakistan have adopted diverse approaches combining parliamentary participation, street power, welfare activism, ideological training, madrassa networks, and digital media engagement. While some parties emphasize gradualist politics, institutional reform, and social welfare, others rely on protest-based mobilization, emotive religious symbolism, and mass street pressure to influence state decisions. Through a comparative analysis, the study highlights how these varied strategies have produced distinct forms of political influence ranging from legislative and ideological impact to public opinion shaping and state-society negotiation. The paper also critically assesses the limitations faced by these parties, including electoral underperformance, internal fragmentation, leadership crises, and tensions between democratic norms and confrontational politics. The study concludes that religious political parties in Pakistan cannot be understood as a monolithic force; rather, they represent a complex, evolving spectrum of ideological commitments, organizational capacities, and strategic choices that continue to shape Pakistan’s political and religious discourse.
The Concept of Patriotism and Its Shariah Status: A Research Review in the Context of Paigham-e-Pakistan
This paper examines the concept of patriotism (ḥubb al-waṭan) and its Shariah status within the framework of Paigham-e-Pakistan. Drawing upon the Qur’an and Prophetic traditions, the study argues that love for one’s homeland is a natural human sentiment and, when directed toward justice, peace, and communal welfare, remains consistent with Islamic principles. Although patriotism is not regarded as an independent religious obligation, it serves as a means of fulfilling broader objectives of Shariah, including the protection of life, religion, property, and honor. Within the context of Paigham-e-Pakistan, patriotism is presented as a moral, religious, and legal responsibility that rejects terrorism, sectarian violence, and rebellion against the state, while affirming loyalty to the constitution and lawful authority. The paper critically evaluates this position by highlighting its strengths in countering extremism and promoting national unity, while also addressing the challenges of balancing national loyalty with the transnational identity of the Muslim Ummah. It concludes that patriotism, when aligned with Shariah principles, is both permissible and commendable, serving as an important instrument for peace, stability, and the collective welfare of contemporary Muslim societies.
The Construction and Reconstruction of the Kaaba: A Historical and Evolutionary Study
Khana e kaa’ba, which is honored as the first house of the universe, was the first holy place which was built to praise and worship Allah and it was the first place to worship Allah and world’s first masjid. From the beginning, Khana e kaa’ba was adjudged as the centre of the worldwide instigation of Deen e Islam and it was aimed and intended to gather from the world the worshippers of Allah so that they accept the oneness of Allah and worship Him altogether and thus this gathering is named as Hajj. We could say that Khana e kaa’ba is the herald of global brotherhood. The construction of Khana e Kaa’ba was not only mentioned in Quran e majeed but it is also discussed in all holy and intuitional scriptures and in the books of other religions. Khana e Kaa’ba has been indicated in a much manifested way that it is the first human construction from which human culture and civilization had started. The construction of the House of Allah is a sacred and greatest act on the earth. Its blessing has been proven by Quran and Hadith. It's constructor was the planet earth's first human being, Hazrat Adam (PBUH). After him, its construction was carried out by Hazrat Shees (PBUH), then Hazrat Ibrahim (PBUH) and Hazrat Ismail (PBUH), and after that the Kaaba's repair work was conducted from time to time. In fact, even the Holy Prophet (SAW) conducted some of its construction and repair work. After him, this task was carried out by khulfaye rashdin, Umayyad caliphs, Abbasi caliphs and Ottoman Empire, and then after this the incumbent royal house of Saud actively participated in Kaaba's construction, expansion and decoration. Hence, in this article Kaaba's construction has been explained in detail in the light of history. Likewise, important holy locations in Kaaba's surroundings such as Hajr-e-aswad, muqam e Ibrahim, Hateem and Kaa’ba cover have also been mentioned with brevity.
An Introduction to Maulana Muhammad Idris Kandhlawi and a Scholarly and Research-Based Review of His Academic Contributions
Maulana Muhammad Idris Kandhlawi was a distinguished scholar of Hadith, Qur’anic exegesis, Islamic jurisprudence, and Islamic thought in the Indo-Pak subcontinent. He rendered remarkable services in the fields of education, authorship, scholarship, and religious leadership. Born into a renowned religious and scholarly family, he received his education from prestigious institutions such as Darul Uloom Deoband, Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur, and Madrasah Ashrafiyyah Thanawi. Among his eminent teachers were Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Allama Anwar Shah Kashmiri, and Allama Shabbir Ahmad Usmani. Maulana Kandhlawi served as a teacher at renowned institutions including Darul Uloom Deoband, Madrasa Aminia Delhi, Jamia Abbasia, and Jamia Ashrafia Lahore, where he trained thousands of students in the disciplines of Tafsir, Hadith, Fiqh, and Islamic theology. His notable scholarly works include Seerat-ul-Mustafa, Al-Taleeq al-Sabeeh Ala Mishkat al-Masabih, Ahkam al-Quran, and Tuhfat al-Qari, which reflect his profound scholarship and intellectual insight. He also played an active role in the Pakistan Movement, the movement for the implementation of Islamic law, the Khatm-e-Nabuwwat Movement, and the formulation of an Islamic constitution for Pakistan. He strongly supported the Two-Nation Theory through his intellectual and scholarly contributions. Maulana Kandhlawi’s legacy remains a shining example of knowledge, moderation, wisdom, and religious insight. He passed away on 28 July 1974, yet his academic and religious contributions continue to serve as a guiding light for scholars and researchers alike.
A Comparative Analysis of the Missionary Methodologies of Non-Prophetic Figures in the Holy Quran
This research conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of the missionary methodologies (manāhij al-daʿwah) employed by non-prophetic figures mentioned in the Holy Quran. Moving beyond the prophetic paradigm, the study examines how various righteous individuals, believers, reformers, and even opponents developed distinctive approaches to inviting others to the truth. The research analyzes the methodologies of key figures including the believer from the family of Pharaoh (Muʾmin Āl Firʿawn), the companions of Yā Sīn (Aṣḥāb al-Qaryah), Bilqīs the Queen of Sheba, the magicians of Pharaoh (al-Saḥarah), and the believers among the People of the Book. Through systematic comparison of their theological foundations, strategic priorities, target audiences, and methodological tools, this research identifies patterns of convergence and divergence among these diverse Quranic traditions. The study employs a comparative analytical methodology, drawing upon classical tafsīr literature and contemporary scholarly works. The findings reveal that while all figures root their methodologies in divine guidance, significant variations emerge in their emphasis on wisdom and gentle preaching versus direct confrontation, their approach to those in power versus common people, and their utilization of rational arguments versus emotional appeals. This research contributes to understanding the rich diversity of Quranic missionary paradigms and their relevance for contemporary daʿwah work.
The Juristic Justification of Price Fixing in the Islamic Economic Context
This article examines the Islamic jurisprudential (Fiqh) and economic perspectives on price regulation, referred to as Tas'ir. Based on the provided sources, This article explores the legal and ethical framework of market pricing within Islamic governance. Central to the discussion is the tension between the principle of free-market trade based on mutual consent (Quran 4:29) and the necessity of state intervention to prevent public harm.The primary evidence cited is the Prophetic tradition (Hadith) where the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) declined to fix prices during a period of inflation, asserting that Allah is the "Price-Setter" (Al-Mus'ir), the Provider, and the Grantor of sustenance. This tradition establishes the general rule that price-fixing by authorities is a potential "injustice" (mazlamah) that infringes upon the property rights of sellers.However, the article details a nuanced scholarly debate regarding the conditions under which the state may intervene. While some early scholars discouraged intervention, others, including Hanafi and Maliki jurists, argue that the Imam (leader) or Sultan may regulate prices if it serves the public interest (Maslaha). The discourse distinguishes between two types of pricing: Unjust Pricing: Prohibited intervention that forces sellers to trade at a loss or without consent. Just/Permissible Pricing: Intervention deemed mandatory when food traders or merchants exploit the public through monopolies (ihtikar) or "excessive pricing" (fuhsh).
The Historical and Intellectual Formation of Feminism in the Thought of Leila Ahmed: A Critical Study of Muslim Feminism and Colonial Discourse
This research-oriented and critical study explores the historical and intellectual formation of feminism through the theoretical framework of Leila Ahmed, a leading Muslim feminist scholar. The study aims to reconceptualize feminism not as a universal or monolithic ideology, but as a discourse shaped by specific historical, cultural, and colonial contexts. Drawing primarily on Ahmed’s seminal work Women and Gender in Islam, the paper examines how Western feminist narratives have historically constructed representations of Muslim women within colonial discourse, and how Ahmed critically deconstructs these representations. The study further highlights Ahmed’s reinterpretation of Islamic history and textual traditions to reassess women’s status in Muslim societies. By challenging both Western hegemonic feminism and indigenous patriarchal structures, Leila Ahmed offers an alternative feminist epistemology that plays a significant role in the intellectual formation of Muslim feminism. This research thus contributes meaningfully to contemporary feminist and gender studies scholarship.
Ijtihad of the Holy Prophet SAW in different matters: Arguments, Exemplification and derived principles
All aspects of life of Prophet Muhammad SAW are present to the world with more clearness than the sun, the message that He SAW brought to the world is an all-encompassing, stable, strong and dynamic system of life for all humanity, and for the survival of its distinct glory, prosperity and duality, it has kept such flexibility and determination within itself that it can support human needs in every era and in every place. There are basically two types of problems that people face in society (1)Problems in which there is no change due to the difference of time and circumstances. There are detailed rulings and rules in the Shariah for such issues from the very beginning. For example, marriage, divorce, inheritance, etc. (2) Problems that may change with time. The Shari'ah has not left any detailed rulings on such issues; rather, it has formulated general rules and basic principles in this regard and has left it to the mature view of the Ummah and the higher jurists to find out the rulings on these issues by keeping in mind the objectives of the Shari'ah, its disposition, the rulings of the Shari'ah and the basic principles and rules of the religion. The Seerah of the Prophet (peace be upon him) states that it contains not one but many examples of speculative knowledge, which shows that He SAW himself has kept this path open by His own words. In this article, the Author tried to highlight the aspect of Ijtihad of the Prophet's life. In order to examine the principles and practices derived from the Ijtihad of Holy Prophet SAW.
The evidence of the reduction of punishment for the disbelievers and its causes
The general view regarding the punishment of the Hereafter is that the punishment of the unbelievers in the Hereafter is permanent and uninterrupted and will not be alleviated in any way. The basis of this theory regarding the punishment of the disbelievers is the verses in which the word “لَا يُخَفَّفُ”"it will not be lightened" is mentioned. In light of these verses, the question arises: Will the punishment of all unbelievers in the Hereafter be equal in terms of their qualities, or will there be some difference? Will the punishment of any one unbeliever in the Hereafter be less than the punishment of other unbelievers? If the punishment of a disbeliever in the Hereafter is somewhat reduced compared to the punishment of other disbelievers, what would be the meaning of the words “لَا يُخَفَّفُ” in the above verses? What are the reasons for this reduction in punishment? Can the righteous deeds of the unbeliever be a reason for the reduction in punishment in the Hereafter? This research paper attempts to find answers to these questions by discussing these topics in depth. Our research concludes that, despite the commonality of disbelief and polytheism, there is a difference in the punishment of disbelievers, and based on various reasons and conditions, the punishment of one disbeliever may be less severe than that of another disbeliever. The factors that lead to a reduction in punishment despite participation in disbelief and polytheism include the lack of means of guidance, differences in the levels of preaching, the lack of proof in some matters, and the length of life in the afterlife. There are also some reasons that reduce the punishment of disbelievers for committing sins and disobeying commands. These reasons include the imposition of Islamic punishment on a disbeliever for committing sins, the righteous deeds, the generosity of a disbeliever, the fulfillment of obligations that do not require intention, and the avoidance of forbidden things.
A Shariah Review of the Resolution of Social conflicts and Issues in District Bajaur
This study presents an analytical examination of social, domestic, financial, and criminal disputes in District Bajaur in the light of Islamic teachings. It explains how local jirgas, reconciliation committees, and community elders resolve conflicts through mutual understanding, compromise, justice, forgiveness, and peaceful settlement. The research highlights the importance of reconciliation (Sulh) in Islam with references from the Qur’an and Sunnah and presents the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as a practical model of mediation and conflict resolution. Furthermore, the study analyzes eleven practical cases, including family disputes, property and jewelry conflicts, domestic violence, children’s disputes, and other community issues. The research concludes that Islamic teachings and local reconciliation systems play a significant role in promoting peace, social harmony, and stability in society.
Dietary Commandments and Prophetic Healthcare Principles: A Critical and Analytical Study of Selected Hadiths from Musnad al-Humaydi
This paper explores the dietary guidelines and healthcare principles found in the prophetic traditions of Musnad al Humaydi. By examining ten specific Hadiths, the study looks closely at both their chains of narration and their actual text to determine their reliability. The selected traditions cover various aspects of daily food and nutrition in Islam, including the lawfulness of eating different types of meat such as mutton shoulder, rabbit, horse, and chicken as well as the Prophet preference for simple foods like pumpkin, dates, and Sawiq. Additionally, the research touches upon the medicinal benefits highlighted in Prophetic medicine, specifically focusing on black seed, mushrooms, and Ajwa dates. Using traditional Hadith sciences, the study analyzes the credibility of great scholars like Sufyan bin Uyaynah and Imam Malik, while also contextualizing debated narrators through supporting chains. Beyond just checking the authenticity, this study provides a detailed commentary to explain the legal rulings and the holistic health wisdom behind these foods. Ultimately, this research connects traditional Hadith science with a practical understanding of nutrition, offering a clear and well-rounded perspective on Islamic dietary laws and well-being. It aims to bridge classical scholarship with contemporary views on healthy living, showing how these spiritual and physical guidelines remain relevant for modern readers seeking a balanced lifestyle rooted in Islamic tradition. Through this dual approach of textual evaluation and thematic interpretation, the paper provides a complete framework for understanding how prophetic food choices serve as both religious guidance and timeless principles for human wellness.
Concept of War in Islam in Inter-State Relations
Islamic Shariah laws have purified not only the objectives of war, but also the methods of war. It has set and defined some objectives for war, that it can only be for: the supremacy of Allah, respect for humanity, supporting the oppressed, elimination of strife and corruption, and the establishment of peace and security. In this way, all those inhumane methods which were prevalent all over the world before Islam were completely abolished. Moreover, war was bound by ethical principles. Until the beginning of the 17th century, Europe was completely unaware of even the concept of laws of war. In theory and in practice, war was considered exempt from moral limits and the restrictions of rules and regulations, and combatants had the absolute and unlimited right to inflict harm upon each other. Adherence to treaties and covenants, treatment of prisoners of war, burial of the enemy’s dead, what treatment should be given to the enemy when he lays down arms, how quickly weapons should be set aside when the enemy shows inclination toward peace-and similar other battlefield instructions-are such bright torches of guidance that if war is fought without taking guidance from them, there remains no difference between humans and animals.
The Philosophy of Wahdat-ul-wujood in Hamza Baba’s poetry
In the history of Pashto literature, Hamza Baba is more than a poet. He is a mystic (Sufi) and a deep thinking philosopher also. His verses are not just rhymes but the soul’s voice rising from devotion, divine love and gnosis. The depth of thought in his poetry flows like a river, his spiritual insight burns like a candle and his mystical awareness appears as clear as a mirror. Every word from his is a mystic’s call that lifts a person from servitude to the heights of love. In the world of Sufism two great philosophies have emerged to understand the reality of the One and Only Being, one is Wahdat-ul-Wujood and the other is Wahdat-ul-Shuhood. The first Philosophy proclaims: "There is none but He" while the second says:"None is seen but He". In this research paper, we will study the philosophy of Wahdat-ul-wujood in the light of Hamza Baba’s thought and observe how he reflected the image of the True Beloved in every particle of the universe through his poetry.
Javed Ahmad Ghamidi's Concept of Tasawuf and its Uniqueness: A Research Review
Javed Ahmad Ghamidi, a prominent contemporary Islamic thinker, considers Sufism (Tasawuf) to be a "parallel religion" created in opposition to Islam. According to Ghamidi, the concept of Vilayat (sainthood) and its associated ranks such as Awtad, Ghaus, Qutb, and Abdal are completely absent from the Quran. He argues that the Quranic term Wali is only used in the general sense of "protector" or "friend," not as a spiritual rank. He further maintains that monasticism (Rahbaniyyah) is an innovation (bid‘ah), and that the station of Ihsan (spiritual excellence) is not a distinct rank but merely a condition for sincere worship. This research paper provides a critical and analytical review of Ghamidi's thoughts on Sufism, highlighting his uniqueness and distinguishing his approach from that of traditional critics of Sufism (such as Ibn Taymiyyah and certain Ahl-e-Hadith scholars). The study finds that while Ghamidi raises important questions regarding certain Sufi terminologies, his central claim of Sufism being a "parallel religion" lacks substantive evidence. None of the major Sufi masters, including Al-Ghazali and Ibn ‘Arabi, ever made Wahdat al-Wujud (Oneness of Being), Kashf (spiritual unveiling), or Sainthood as necessary conditions for salvation. Moreover, the foundational elements of Sufism—love of God, purification of the soul (Tazkiyah), remembrance (Dhikr), and spiritual excellence (Ihsan)—are deeply rooted in the Qur’an and Sunnah. The paper concludes that Sufism is not a parallel or separate entity but an intrinsic spiritual dimension of Islam. Ghamidi's critique, though unique in its claim of a "parallel religion," fails to prove this assertion and is based on a particular interpretive framework of the Qur’an that is not shared by mainstream Islamic scholarship.
A Critical and Specialized Study of Ten Major Seerah Works on the Noble Characteristics and Attributes of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
This study examines ten major works of Sīrah literature that specifically focus on the noble characteristics, virtues, personal qualities, habits, and moral excellence of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. The research aims to explore the distinctive features, methodologies, thematic arrangements, and scholarly contributions of these works in presenting the personality of the Prophet ﷺ. While a substantial body of literature has been produced on the biography of the Prophet ﷺ, the genre of Khaṣāʾiṣ, Shamāʾil, and descriptions of the Prophet’s attributes occupies a unique position in Islamic scholarship. These works not only preserve historical information but also provide a comprehensive portrayal of the Prophet’s moral, spiritual, social, and personal excellence. Using an analytical and descriptive methodology, the study evaluates selected classical and later compilations, highlighting their approaches to the narration of traditions, organization of themes, treatment of sources, and contribution to the understanding of Prophetic character. The research further investigates the similarities and differences among these works and assesses their role in shaping Muslim devotion, ethical conduct, and scholarly engagement with the Prophetic model. Particular attention is given to the ways in which these texts present the Prophet ﷺ as an ideal example for individual and collective life. The study concludes that the literature on Prophetic characteristics constitutes an essential branch of Sīrah studies and serves as a vital source for understanding the personality, mission, and exemplary conduct of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. It also demonstrates the continuing relevance of these works for contemporary academic research and moral development.
The Preaching Significance of Storytelling
The tradition of story-telling is as old as human speech. The language of story-telling is considered to be the most convenient and effective language, which is why humans naturally like to listen to stories. If we look at the general mood of Islam, it is known that this tradition of story-telling has been popular and beloved by Allah, the Messenger of Allah, the Companions of the Messenger and the predecessors. The importance of storytelling becomes clear from the large number of traditions containing stories in the hadith collection. In general, the stories narrated by people cannot exactly match the stories narrated in the Qur'an and the hadith because they are often pointless and based on lies, while the stories narrated in the Qur'an and Hadith have been narrated purely for the purpose of invitation, preaching, advice, and reforming the soul, and this is the beauty of these stories. If the stories narrated in the Qur'an and Hadith are studied in depth, the purposes of telling these stories become clear, which makes the importance of narration of stories in Islam and their role in the call of Islam very prominent.
The evolution of the ecclesiastical intellectual tradition regarding other religions untill the emergence of Islam
A proper understanding of Muslim–Christian relations requires an examination of the intellectual and theological background that shaped Christian attitudes toward other religions before the emergence of Islam. This study explores the perspectives of the early Christian Church regarding religious diversity and investigates the scriptural and theological foundations upon which these perspectives were built. Particular attention is given to the influence of the Old and New Testaments in forming Christian views of non-Christian communities, as well as to the attitudes of Church Fathers toward various religious traditions, philosophical schools, and cultural systems that existed in the Greco-Roman world. The study further examines the complex relationship between Christianity and Judaism, the gradual separation of the two traditions, and the diverse Christian responses to Greek philosophy and other intellectual currents. It also traces the historical development of the Church in the Middle East up to the rise of Islam, highlighting the theological debates and ecclesiastical divisions that shaped Christian thought during this period. By analyzing these historical and theological developments, the study provides a framework for understanding the earliest Christian interpretations of Islam and the Muslim community. Since comprehensive Urdu scholarship on this subject remains limited, this research seeks to fill an important gap by presenting a systematic account of the intellectual and religious context within which Christian responses to Islam first emerged.
A Scholarly Study of the Life, Teachings, and Intellectual and Spiritual Contributions of Hazrat Baba Fariduddin Masood Ganjshakar (RA) in the Indian Subcontinent
This research article examines the life, spiritual legacy, and multifaceted services of Hazrat Baba Fariduddin Masood Ganj Shakar (RA), one of the most distinguished saints of the Chishti Sufi order in South Asia. The study explores his biography, intellectual and spiritual formation, ethical teachings, and enduring contributions to Islamic thought, social reform, and the promotion of human values. Particular attention is given to his emphasis on piety, humility, compassion, tolerance, service to humanity, and remembrance of God, which played a vital role in shaping the moral and spiritual landscape of the region. Using historical and analytical research methods, the article evaluates primary and secondary sources to highlight Baba Farid’s influence on religious scholarship, vernacular literature, and intercommunal harmony. His teachings are examined within their historical context as well as their continuing relevance to contemporary society, especially in addressing moral decline, social fragmentation, and spiritual alienation. The study concludes that Baba Farid’s message of love, sincerity, moderation, and universal brotherhood remains a significant source of guidance for individuals and communities seeking ethical and spiritual renewal.
A Critical Review on the Establishment of Rada'ah Through Blended Milk
In Islamic Sharia, suckling (Rada'ah) is not considered merely a physical act, but rather a sharia-compliant cause of prohibition (Sabab al-Hurmah). Through it, a permanent relationship of maternity (Umoomah) and fraternity (Ukhuwwah) is established, independent of lineage. For this reason, Islamic Sharia has given extraordinary importance to the protection of human society, the family system, and lineage. Among the various objectives of Sharia (Maqasid al-Shariah), the chapter on suckling holds a significant place. It is not just a natural or biological process, but one that gives rise to a legal and sharia-based relationship. As a result of suckling, the same prohibitions are established that arise from blood relations (Nasab), which directly affect marriage, family intermixing, and social relations. The subject of suckling constitutes an independent and detailed chapter in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh), with rulings compiled in the light of the Qur'an, Sunnah, Ijma (consensus), and Qiyas (analogical reasoning). While narrations and jurisprudential rulings exist regarding the forms of suckling during the prophetic era and the times of the Companions and Successors (Tabi'een), the modern era—with milk banks, pumped milk, artificial nutrition, and advanced medical facilities—has made this chapter more complex and research-intensive. Consequently, a fresh scholarly deliberation on this subject has become indispensable. Immediately after birth, the preservation and growth of a child's life are impossible with any food other than milk. Breast milk is the only drink that naturally contains every type of nutrient required for a child's health, and nature instinctively causes milk to be produced in a mother's breasts at such a time. However, sometimes due to illness or compulsion, a woman cannot provide milk to her child, even though milk remains indispensable for the infant. In such situations, the World Health Organization (WHO) devised a solution to establish Human Milk Banks, through which milk is provided to children for whom it is otherwise unavailable. A milk bank, however, contains milk extracted from different women at different times. What impacts does this have—both legally (Shariah) and conventionally (Urfa)—on the upbringing of the child? Is the modern "Human Milk Bank" simply a contemporary form of this ancient jurisprudential issue, or does a fundamental difference exist between the two? This chapter will present a research-based analysis of these questions.
Administrative Principles of Crisis Management in the Seerah of Prophet: An Analytical study of Makkah and Madina Eraﷺ Muhammad
This research paper explores the strategic and administrative methodologies of crisis management deployed by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ during critical turning points of his prophetic mission. By analyzing four major historical milestones—the socio-economic boycott in the She'b Abi Talib, the strategic relocation (Hijrah) to Madinah, the military challenges of the Ghazawat (Badr, Uhud, and Khandaq), and the diplomatic deadlock at the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah—this study deduces timeless organizational principles. The findings demonstrate that prophetic crisis management was never reactive or emotional; rather, it was grounded in divine guidance, meticulous risk assessment, robust internal solidarity, strategic flexibility, and structured delegation. This paper provides an academic framework showcasing how existential threats were systematically transformed into historic opportunities for state-building and global dawah..
Intellectual and jurisprudential foundations of Sharia compliant decentralized Finance
Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has introduced a blockchain-based, intermediary-free model of financial services, raising a pressing juristic question: can such a system be reconciled with the principles of Islamic finance? This study focuses specifically on the intellectual and jurisprudential (fikri and fiqhi) foundations of that reconciliation rather than on technical architecture. Adopting a qualitative, doctrinal, analytical, and comparative method, it first establishes the philosophical and economic convergence between the two systems—shared commitments to the removal of exploitative intermediation, transparency (nafy al-jahalah), linkage to real assets (ʿayn), profit-and-loss sharing (mudarabah and musharakah), and financial inclusion (hifz al-mal). It then argues that the classical instruments of Islamic legal reasoning—ijtihad, maslahah mursalah, ʿurf, and qiyas—furnish sufficient juristic space to characterize smart contracts, tokenization, liquidity pools, and decentralized governance within the framework of Islamic contract theory. The study concludes that DeFi carries no inherent contradiction with Islamic finance; rather, with disciplined ijtihad and adherence to the objectives of the Shariah (maqasid al-Shariah), its instruments can be legitimately grounded in established fiqhi principles, providing a firm conceptual basis for future architectural and empirical research in Islamic decentralized finance.
Legislative and Educational Integration in Transactions in the Thought of Saeed Hawwa: Insights from His Book Al-Asas fi al-Tafsir
This article examines the concept of legislative and educational integration in the Qur’anic thought of سعيد حوى النعيمي through his book أساس التفسير, focusing on عبادات (acts of worship), معاملات (social transactions), and أخلاق (ethics) as an applied model. The study explores how the author presents Qur’anic legislation not as a set of isolated legal rulings, but as a comprehensive pedagogical system aimed at building the individual and reforming society simultaneously. The research analyzes the methodological foundations adopted by Saeed Hawa al-Nuʿaymī in linking creed, law, and moral cultivation, highlighting the dynamic relationship between worship and ethical refinement, and between legal rulings and social responsibility. It demonstrates that in Asās al-Tafsīr, acts of worship are framed as transformative practices that shape character and consciousness; transactions are regulated to achieve justice and social cohesion; and ethics function as the spiritual and behavioral dimension that ensures the vitality of legal norms. Using an analytical and inductive approach, the article concludes that the integrative vision proposed by Saeed Hawa al-Nuʿaymī represents a holistic Qur’anic methodology in which legislation and education operate in harmony. This integration reinforces the unity of Islamic thought and offers a model capable of addressing contemporary moral and social challenges through a balanced synthesis of devotion, law, and character formation.
Social media in the modern age and its impact on the social relationships of young people: A study from an Islamic perspective
Social interaction is the key to a successful society. Islam lays foundations for a successful society and encourages its followers to develop good ties among people. The Quran and the Sunnah outline essential components of all relationships between all people. The purpose of these guidelines is to enhance and purify relations consequently resulting in a positive effect on the community as a whole. They apply regardless of age, race, sex or social status. In modern era where the globe has become a small village and social interaction has increased through social media and it has become prominent part of life for many young people today. Most people engage with social media without thinking about its effects on our lives, whether positive or negative. There are many positive aspects, but tat the same time there are many dangers that come with the use of social media sites. In this scenario we need to know the guidelines of Islam about the use of this media for a better society. Since majority of the Social media users is youth, so in this paper I have discussed the impact of social media on the youth. I have discussed positive impact of social media on youth in context of dawah, education, business, etc. As well as I have discussed the negative impact of this media with reference to their mental and physical health, wastage of time, having illegal relations etc. In the end I have mentioned that social media could be a great source of developing social interaction which is liked by Islam. I have given some recommendations to use social media effectively.
The Integration of Autobiography in the Novels of Jabra Ibrahim Jabra
This study explores the phenomenon of autobiographical integration in the fictional works of Jabra Ibrahim Jabra, focusing on the complex interplay between personal experience and narrative construction in his novels. Jabra, a prominent Palestinian intellectual, novelist, translator, and critic, is widely recognized for his significant contribution to modern Arabic literature and his role in shaping the Arab literary modernist movement. Through an analytical reading of his autobiographical works, The First Well and The Princesses’ Street, alongside his major novels such as Hunters in a Narrow Street, The Ship, and In Search of Walid Masoud, this paper investigates how elements of his lived experience permeate his fictional narratives. Although Jabra explicitly states that his fictional characters are products of imagination and any resemblance to real individuals is purely coincidental, a closer literary analysis reveals strong thematic and experiential parallels between his autobiography and fiction. Events, emotional struggles, and socio-political contexts presented in his novels often reflect autobiographical dimensions that cannot be dismissed as mere coincidence. The study critically examines these intersections to understand how autobiography transforms into fictional form and how narrative identity is reconstructed through literary creativity. Methodologically, the research employs a comparative textual analysis of autobiographical and fictional texts, highlighting structural, thematic, and stylistic convergences. The study argues that Jabra’s narrative technique challenges the rigid boundaries between autobiography and fiction, offering a hybrid literary form that enriches Arabic narrative tradition. Ultimately, the paper demonstrates that autobiographical embedding in Jabra’s novels serves not only as a narrative strategy but also as a means of intellectual self-expression and cultural commentary.
AI and Fair Assessment Reform in HAT: An Islamic Epistemological Approach
This study critically examines the structure and implications of the Higher Education Aptitude Test (HAT) in Pakistan with particular focus on students of Islamic Studies and religious sciences. The research argues that the current HAT framework, while designed to assess academic aptitude and analytical ability, does not adequately accommodate the intellectual traditions, linguistic backgrounds, and disciplinary specializations of Islamic Studies students. The dominance of English-based comprehension, standardized analytical reasoning, and generalized cognitive assessment creates structural disadvantages for students whose academic formation is rooted in Qur’anic studies, Hadith sciences, Fiqh, Arabic language, and classical Islamic scholarship. Using a qualitative and analytical research methodology, this study explores the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI), educational assessment reform, and Islamic epistemology. The paper critically analyzes how standardized testing systems may reproduce linguistic, cultural, and epistemological inequalities within higher education admission structures. It further examines the historical Islamic models of educational assessment, including the Ijāzah and Isnād systems, to demonstrate how classical Islamic scholarship emphasized mastery, ethical integrity, contextual understanding, and intellectual authenticity rather than purely standardized numerical evaluation. The research also investigates the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence in developing adaptive, multilingual, discipline-sensitive, and ethically governed assessment systems. It argues that AI can significantly improve fairness, inclusivity, and accessibility in HAT by reducing language barriers, personalizing question difficulty, and minimizing structural bias. However, the study emphasizes that technological innovation alone is insufficient unless guided by ethical and epistemological principles derived from Islamic educational philosophy. The findings of the study reveal that the current HAT system suffers from disciplinary misalignment, linguistic inequality, and epistemological limitations that particularly affect students of Islamic Studies. The research proposes a hybrid reform framework integrating Artificial Intelligence, multilingual assessment models, Islamic scholarly oversight (ʿUlamāʾ), and discipline-specific evaluation mechanisms. Such a framework can create a more balanced, just, and academically inclusive assessment system capable of harmonizing modern technological advancements with Islamic ethical traditions. Ultimately, this study concludes that reforming HAT is not merely a technical or administrative issue but an intellectual and ethical necessity for the future of higher education in Muslim societies. The integration of AI-driven adaptive assessment with Islamic epistemology can contribute toward developing a fair, culturally relevant, and globally competitive educational model for contemporary higher education systems.
Implementing Group Work Activities in the Grade 8 Classroom: An Action Research Proposal
This action research proposal investigates the implementation of structured group work activities in a Grade 8 classroom in Karachi, Pakistan, addressing critical issues of student disengagement, passive learning, resistance to collaboration, and limited peer interaction. The study is grounded in a three-day reconnaissance phase during which two classroom observations and five semi-structured interviews (one with the class teacher, four with students) were conducted. Identified problems include exclusive use of traditional teaching methods (textbook reading, chalkboard instruction, rote memorization), persistent student inattention, non-compliance with classroom rules, active resistance to pair and group work, preference for individual learning, underdeveloped communication and social skills, low self-esteem particularly among English language learners, and inability to accept diverse perspectives. Guided by Vygotsky's social constructivism, Dewey's experiential learning theory, Johnson and Johnson's cooperative learning framework, and Islamic educational principles of collective learning (taʿāwun) and mutual consultation (shūrā), this action research proposes a structured cyclical intervention using three sequentially implemented group work strategies: fixed and flexible pair work, think-pair-share, and jigsaw grouping. Data collection methods include systematic classroom observation, reflective journaling, critical friend feedback, semi-structured interviews, and analysis of student artifacts. Expected outcomes include increased student participation and engagement, development of collaborative skills including active listening and respectful disagreement, improved communication competencies, enhanced self-esteem, transformation from teacher-centered to student-centered learning environment, and integration of Islamic cooperative ethics into daily classroom practice. The study contributes to Pakistani educational research by providing an empirically grounded, theoretically robust, and culturally authentic action research model replicable by middle school teachers facing similar challenges.
CPEC's Next Phase: Geo-economic Realities, Security Hazards, and Regional Power Alignments
The second phase of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) marks a strategic transition from infrastructure development to industrialization, agricultural cooperation, technological connectivity, and regional economic integration. This study examines the geo-economic significance of CPEC Phase-II and evaluates the security challenges and regional power dynamics associated with its implementation. The research argues that Phase-II has the potential to transform Pakistan into a regional trade and connectivity hub by enhancing Special Economic Zones (SEZs), energy cooperation, and digital infrastructure. However, the corridor also faces complex security risks including terrorism, separatist movements, cyber threats, and geopolitical competition in South Asia and the Indo-Pacific region. The study further analyzes how major regional and global actors—particularly India, China, the United States, Iran, and Afghanistan—perceive and respond to CPEC’s expanding strategic role. Using a qualitative and analytical methodology, the paper explores how economic diplomacy and strategic partnerships influence regional alignments and power politics. The findings suggest that while CPEC Phase-II offers substantial opportunities for economic growth and regional connectivity, its success largely depends on political stability, effective governance, regional cooperation, and sustainable security mechanisms. The study concludes that CPEC has evolved beyond a bilateral economic project and now represents a critical component of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the broader geo-economic transformation of the region. CPEC Phase-II, Geo-economics, Regional Security, Belt and Road Initiative, Power Politics, Pakistan-China Relations, Strategic Connectivity
Dharma and Imperium: A Comparative Study of the Manusmriti and Classical Roman Law
This article presents a comparative analysis of two foundational legal systems of antiquity: the Manusmriti (Mānava-Dharmaśāstra) of ancient India and the classical Roman legal tradition spanning the Twelve Tables to the Corpus Juris Civilis. Despite their temporal and geographical distance, both systems addressed universal questions of order, justice, authority, and social hierarchy. The article examines how each civilization conceptualized law's origins—dharma as cosmic duty versus ius as human enactment—and how these foundational philosophies shaped legal institutions, social stratification, family relations, criminal justice, and judicial administration. While the Manusmriti presents law as inseparable from religious obligation, embedded in a divinely ordained caste hierarchy, Roman law evolved as a secular, juristically sophisticated system that distinguished law from morality and religion. The article critically evaluates both traditions' treatment of women, slaves, and lower social groups, engages modern scholarly critiques including postcolonial and feminist perspectives, and assesses their enduring influence on contemporary legal systems. It concludes that whereas the Manusmriti's authority derived from its claim to transcendent revelation, Roman law's flexibility and jurisprudential methodology enabled its adaptation across millennia, shaping civil law traditions worldwide.
The Mechanics of Interpretation: A Qualitative Analysis of Methodological Factors Leading to Divergence in Quranic Exegesis
This study investigates the intellectual and methodological determinants contributing to divergent interpretations (Ikhtilāf) of the Holy Qur'an among scholars (Mufassirīn). Although the Qur'anic text is the definitive source of Divine guidance, its human reception is subject to linguistic shifts, contextual frameworks, and sectarian paradigms. By systematically analyzing core causative factors—including the fragmentation of contextual flow (Siyāq-o-Sabaq), the imposition of dogmatic biases, and the uncritical integration of Isrā’īliyyāt—this research elucidates the mechanics of interpretive variance. Utilizing a qualitative-analytical approach and thematic case studies, such as the concept of Darajah in Surah Al-Baqarah, the study demonstrates how methodological rigor can mitigate error. The findings offer a strategic roadmap for harmonizing exegesis, advocating for a return to foundational hermeneutical principles and authentic linguistic standards. Ultimately, the research emphasizes that prioritizing context and scholarly neutrality is essential to preserving the objective clarity of the Quranic message for contemporary audiences.
Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy in Improving Self-Esteem, Resilience, and Quality of Life among Individuals with Differences of Sex Development: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Differences of Sex development (DSD) usually experience psychological and psychosocial challenges due to their conditions that make them feel guilty, ashamed and self-critical, thus affecting their self-esteem, resilience, and quality of life. Despite the increasing importance of the care of DSD, there is still limited psychological management for them. Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) is a new, effective approach developed to improve self-compassion and emotional resilience, which reduces stigma and psychological distress, thus improving overall quality of life. Therefore, the present study’s main objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the compassion-focused therapy in improving self-esteem, resilience, and quality of life among individuals with differences of sex development. The quasi-experimental study was conducted from June 2025 to January 2026. The sample consisted of 60 individuals with differences in sex development ranged in age from 18-40 years. The sample was selected through purposive sampling from two public hospitals of Peshawar. The sample was divided into two groups of 30 individuals each, i.e. experimental and control group. The RSA, RSES, and WHOQOL were used for both the pretesting and post testing period. The experimental group received compassion-focused therapy with different techniques like calming breath exercises and compassionate visualization, while the control group received the standard treatment. At post testing period the results indicated that participants in the experimental group showed significantly higher levels of self-esteem (M = 40.85) compared to the control group (M = 34.05), t = 5.47, p < .001. Similarly, the experimental group reported significantly greater resilience (M = 118.47 vs. 101.42), t = 4.92, p < .001, and quality of life (M = 74.65 vs. 61.48), t = 5.12, p < .001, than the control group. The Cohen's d values varied between 1.35 and 1.48, indicating large effect sizes, suggesting that Compassion-Focused Therapy results in large and meaningful effects on psychosocial functioning. These results gave us empirical answers that the therapeutic intervention was very effective in improving the psychological state of people with Differences in Sex Development in the experimental group.